TerraBella Fayetteville Blog

Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Seniors: Causes and Treatment Options

Written by Fayetteville | Mar 17, 2025 4:00:00 AM

Data from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) show that disabling hearing loss is prevalent among older adults, affecting 22% of Americans 60 to 74 years old and 55% of those 75 and older. Many seniors with such auditory conditions have sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), one of the most common types of hearing impairment.

Depending on the cause, SNHL can be progressive (worsening over time) or immediately permanent. The good news is that some cases are preventable, and many are treatable.

In this guide, the compassionate team at TerraBella Fayetteville, our senior living community in Fayetteville, NC, will discuss what SNHL is, its causes, and how to prevent and treat it.

What Is Sensorineural Hearing Loss?

Sensorineural hearing loss is a hearing impairment resulting from inner ear damage. Such damages can:

  • Be sudden (e.g., illness, injury, or exposure to loud noise)
  • Congenital (present from birth)
  • Develop as a form of age-related hearing loss in older adults (presbycusis)

Symptoms of SNHL

SNHL can drastically impact one's hearing, causing symptoms like:

  • Muffled sounds
  • Ringing in the ears
  • Difficulty hearing in noisy environments or high-pitched voices
  • Difficulty following conversations with several people

In some people with SHNL, soft sounds are barely, if even audible. Loud noises may also seem muffled.

Types of SNHL

Sensorineural hearing loss comes in several forms, including:

  • Unilateral: Affecting only one ear
  • Bilateral: Impacting both ears
  • Asymmetrical: Both ears suffer from hearing loss, but one is worse
  • Sudden: A medical emergency that occurs within 72 hours of inner ear damage

According to an article published by Oxford Academic, sudden SNHL affects five to 27 per 100,000 people yearly, with an estimated 66,000 new cases annually. It also points out that presbycusis becomes twice as prevalent every decade of life and that around 16% of adults worldwide live with noise-related disabling hearing loss.

What Causes SNHL?

Some of the specific conditions or problems that may cause or contribute to sensorineural hearing loss are:

  • Meningitis
  • Mumps
  • Scarlet fever
  • A blow to the head
  • Aging
  • Benign tumors
  • Ear wax buildup
  • Being too close to deafening sounds, such as sirens or firecrackers

The above can lead to SNHL because they can damage the cochlea's tiny hair cells, which convert sounds into electrical impulses and send them to the brain.

When the cochlea hair cells become damaged, they can't process or send electrical signals well, resulting in SNHL. Unfortunately, they can't repair themselves, so the hearing loss that results from their becoming damaged is often permanent.

Sensorineural hearing loss can also occur due to damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve, which:

  • Controls balance
  • Aids in hearing
  • Transmits sound information from the inner ear to the brain

A damaged vestibulocochlear nerve cannot carry or transmit signals correctly to the brain, leading to impaired hearing.

How Do You Prevent SNHL?

Sensorineural hearing loss caused by genetics or congenital conditions is not preventable. However, you can avoid those that result from modifiable risk factors, such as ear wax buildup and loud noise exposure.

Here are some tips to consider to protect yourself from preventable SNHL.

Use of Ear Protection

The loudness of sounds, measured in decibels (dB), indicates how damaging they can be to the ears; the higher the dB, the more significant the impact. Mayo Clinic explains that continued exposure to noises at or over 85 dB can cause gradual hearing loss, while those at 120 dB or higher can lead to immediate hearing loss. Some examples are:

  • Gas-powered lawnmowers: 80 dB
  • Running motorcycles: 95 dB
  • Maximum sound level on music players: 110 dB
  • Being close to emergency sirens: 120 dB
  • Gunshots: 140 dB
  • Fireworks: 150 dB

Wearing earplugs or earmuffs can help minimize the risk of noise-induced SNHL. They act like a protective seal around the ears, dampening the intensity of such loud noises.

Volume Control

Listening to music can help improve moods and reduce stress, making it one of the best activities for a more engaging senior lifestyle. However, if the sound is too loud, it can be counterproductive, even harmful, to aging ears. For this reason, older adults who love listening to their favorite tracks should consider noise-canceling headphones.

Noise-canceling headphones reduce unwanted noises and distractions, allowing users to listen to their favorite tracks at lower volumes.

Medication Awareness

Some medications, particularly certain antibiotics, can be ototoxic. They can cause ear poisoning, damage the inner ear, and cause SNHL. According to MSD Manuals, some examples of ototoxic drugs are:

  • Streptomycin
  • Neomycin
  • Kanamycin and amikacin
  • Gentamicin and tobramycin
  • Vancomycin
  • Azithromycin
  • Viomycin
  • Chemotherapeutic (antineoplastic) medications

Older adults and individuals with hearing loss should not use ototoxic medications if other effective medicines are available.

What Audiology Services and Treatments Are Available for SNHL?

Treatment depends on the type and cause of sensorineural hearing loss, but it may include one or more of the following:

  • Medications: Corticosteroids or non-ototoxic antibiotics to treat inflammation or disease that may be causing SNHL
  • Hearing aid solutions: Devices that work like tiny speakers to amplify sounds and make it easier to hear
  • Cochlear implants: Surgically implanted devices that provide a new pathway for sounds to reach and communicate with the brain
  • Bone-anchored hearing aids (BAHA): Surgically implanted devices that may help with (unilateral) SNHL

For older adults with SNHL who experience difficulty performing daily tasks, transitioning to a warm, caring, and peaceful assisted living community like TerraBella Fayetteville can also be beneficial. Here, residents can enjoy the company and personalized supportive services of highly experienced and compassionate care providers who understand their unique needs due to their hearing impairment.

Live Life to the Fullest Even With SNHL

Many cases of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) are preventable, such as those caused by loud noises and medication, so older adults should do their best to avoid these culprits. For cases in which SNHL isn't avoidable, treatments like medications and hearing aids can help. A senior living community's peaceful and quiet environment, combined with personalized care and supportive services, can also benefit seniors with SNHL.

At TerraBella Fayetteville in Fayetteville, NC, we aim to ensure our residents enjoy a serene, relaxing living environment. We also nourish them with healthy, delicious meals and keep them engaged, happy, and social with senior-centered events and activities.

Consider exploring our senior living community today by calling us and scheduling a tour!